Responsible: Jorge Salguero Gómez; jorge.salguero@uca.es

HIGHER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING.

CENTRES FOR: MACHINING, ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, MICRO MACHINING/LASER TEXTURING, AND CAMERAS FOR PROCESS MONITORING

Among other equipment, the following is available for machining and process monitoring: A) High-precision MACHINING CENTRE, KONDIA FIVE-400 with 4 axes, up to 24,000 rpm. B) 5-axis hybrid additive and subtractive manufacturing centre for metals, MAZAK VARIAXIS J-600/5X AM, with up to 12,000 rpm. Enables additive manufacturing by superimposing MIG welds and subsequent machining. C) Femtosecond infrared LASER CABIN, LASING LS-MARKPRO, up to 50W and 2.1MHz. Femtosecond operation allows material to be removed by ablation, making it ideal for materials susceptible to thermal deformation. D) DYNAMOMETRIC TABLES AND DYNAMOMETRIC HEAD, with triaxial accelerometer systems for monitoring machining processes, KISTLER. E) HIGH-SPEED CAMERA for filming ultra-fast processes, up to 240,000 fps, REDLAKE MOTION PRO. F) IR CAMERA up to 550ºC for filming and capturing temperature records, FLIR-A35.

Responsible: David Sales Lérida; david.sales@uca.es

UCA-SEA INNOVATION CENTRE, ALGECIRAS BAY CAMPUS.

3D METAL PRINTER USING PLASMA WELDING AND METAL WIRE FEEDING, ADDILAN P1200-4X-I

Metal additive manufacturing machine using plasma arc and wire feed. The technology is called PA-WAAM, which stands for Plasma Arc-Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing, with high energy density, arc stability and minimal contamination. It prints parts weighing up to 300 kg from any weldable metal. The manufacturing chamber can be inerted, which is of particular interest for titanium or aluminium alloys. The work table is rotary, allowing manufacturing on both sides of the substrate. It is used to manufacture three-dimensional models on flat substrates from a digital 3D model. Material deposits can also be made on existing parts for repairs.

THREE-AXIS NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINING CENTRE, LAGUN L-850

It allows machining with exceptional precision and flexibility. The work table is designed to support parts weighing up to 400 kg, making it ideal for machining large and heavy components. This feature is crucial for applications that require high load capacity and stability during the machining process. Speed up to 8000rpm, total installed power of 17 kW, optimising production times and ensuring a high-quality surface finish. It allows a wide variety of machining operations to be carried out with precision and efficiency. From milling operations to drilling and threading metal or plastic parts, ensuring high quality in the final products.

PORTABLE 3D SCANNERS WITH METROLOGY GRADE AND ISO 17025 ACCREDITATION

CREAFORM METRA SCAN BLACK ELITE and HANDYSCAN 307 SILVER

Instruments for three-dimensional scanning of objects with sufficient precision for metrology applications. Portable CMM optical scanner. Not affected by vibrations in the production area, movement of parts or instability in the environment. Designed to work in both the metrology laboratory and the production area, on a wide variety of parts regardless of size, material, finish or complexity. Probing capability (optional) that can be combined with 3D scanning. ISO 17025 accredited and compliant with VDI/VDE 2634 part 3. Accuracy: 0.025 mm. Volumetric accuracy: 0.044 + 0.015 mm/m. Measurement speed 1,800,000 measurements/s. 15 blue cross lasers, ideal for shiny and reflective surfaces. Scanning area 310 x 350 mm. Part size range (recommended) 0.2 – 6 m. Output formats .dae, .fbx, .ma, .obj, .stl, .txt, .wrl, .x3d, .zpr, .3mf.

Responsible: Sergio Ignacio Molina Rubio; sergio.molina@uca.es

EL OLIVILLO BUSINESS TRANSFER CENTRE

LARGE-FORMAT ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 3D PRINTER (FGF), CNC BÁRCENAS DISCOVERY

Industrial 3D printer with FGF (fused granulate fabrication) technology and automatic granulate feeding for large-volume parts. Supports long-duration jobs with engineering plastics. RAPID PROTOTYPING: Enables rapid and efficient prototyping of parts. PARTS MANUFACTURING: Ideal for manufacturing large and complex parts. MOULDS AND TOOLS: Capable of printing moulds and tools for different applications. MARINE AND INDUSTRIAL SECTOR: Used by companies for the repair of marine and industrial machinery. ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN: Allows complex models and large prototypes to be printed.

3D ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM FOR BIOPRINTING AND AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT, REGEMAT 3D and others REG4LIFE

The REGEMAT 3D REG4LIFE system is a versatile and adaptable piece of equipment for 3D bioprinting, offering a wide range of options for manufacturing complex structures with biological materials and cells. The infrastructure includes: A) Modular and highly customisable 3D bioprinting system, designed for printing biological and thermoplastic materials in three dimensions REGEMAT REG4Life (1 unit). B) Adaptable extruder for REGEMAT pellets (1 unit). C) VORTEX BIOGEN V1 microstirrer (2 units).

EQUIPMENT FOR PREPARING MATERIALS FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, PIOVAN and other brands

It includes a wide range of auxiliary equipment necessary for the preparation of materials for additive manufacturing, with an emphasis on manufacturing processes for the recovery of materials and waste of agricultural origin. A) AMG (Aumax) plastic shredder. (2 units). B) Tacklife olive pit and nut shell crusher. C) Polymer pellet dryer and dehumidifier. D) Generic biomass pelletiser. E) GKM 300 W vibrating screen. F) Lekn(C1) 3020 CNC Router Machine Kit.

PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION EQUIPMENT FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Set of equipment for synthesising materials for use in additive manufacturing and for characterisation PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS EQUIPMENT: A) VELP RESPIROMETRIC Sensor System 6 plastic biodegradation system B) Rotavapor LBX EVA180. C) VWR MEGA STAR 600 centrifuge. D) Polarised light microscope. E) Incubig–TFT SELECTA vacuum oven (2 units). F) FreeZone® freeze dryer. G) Paddle and tip stirrers CHARACTERISATION EQUIPMENT: H) GRAM RH 210 gravimetric moisture analyser. I) KERN EMB and RZ 30 Gram analytical precision balances (2 units). J) DAHOMETER DH-300 electronic density measuring system. K) SAUTER SHORE HBA hardness tester.

Responsible: José María Sánchez Amaya; josemaria.sanchez@uca.es

HIGHER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

ADVANCED, INTEGRATED AND ROBOTISED WELDING CENTRE (CASOL)

CASOL is a versatile facility that is unique among Spanish universities. This equipment allows for autogenous laser welding, robotic MIG/MAG welding and laser arc hybrid welding (LAHW), enabling the joining of different metallic materials (carbon steels, stainless steels, aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, etc.) of different thicknesses and with different welding configurations. LAHW technology allows for higher quality and faster welding than conventional welding technologies. The equipment consists of the following: A) 12 kW IPG LASER SOURCE B) ELECTRIC ARC SOURCE, FRONIUS TPS600i C) FRONIUS HYBRID LASER WELDING HEAD with PRECITEC YW52 optics D) KUKA KR 150 ROBOT E) LASER WELDING CABINET F) IPG CHILLER.

Responsible: Francisco Javier Botana Pedemonte; javier.botana@uca.es

HIGHER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT USING LASER MELTING IN A PBS POWDER CHAMBER, EOS M290

Equipment for manufacturing metal parts by powder bed laser fusion (PBS-LB/M Power Bed Fusion, Laser Beam/Metal). It has the following characteristics: • Processable alloys: stainless steels, titanium alloys, aluminium alloys. • Printing volume of 250 x 250 x 325 mm • 1 400 W Yb fibre laser • Scanning speed of up to 7.0 m/s • Focus diameter of approx. 100 µm It is certified for additive manufacturing with the Scalmalloy® alloy (https://www.apworks.de/scalmalloypartners). The MATERIALISE MAGIC software, which is also available, allows you to design simple or complex parts; design lattice structures; optimise the orientation of the part on the build platform; repair mesh errors in 3D models; generate supports; and export models in formats compatible with the EOS M290 machine’s printing software.

MACHINE FOR SURFACE FINISHING OF METAL PARTS BY DRY ELECTROPOLISHING, DLYTE 100 + Ti

Equipment for the surface treatment of parts after their manufacture using metal additive technology. The process is carried out by immersing the parts in dry conductive resins and applying electric currents, thereby reducing roughness and increasing the shine of the parts. This model is designed for the treatment of materials including the titanium group, as well as other materials such as steel, cobalt-chromium, hard metals, nickel-based alloys and aluminium. Of interest to the aerospace industry, medical-surgical instrumentation, and precision mechanics, among others.

MUFFLE FURNACE WITH CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE GASIFICATION BOXES, NABERTHERM N41/H

Oven for performing heat treatments on parts after their manufacture using metal additive technology. Maximum temperature: 1200 ºC Possibility of performing heat treatments in gasification boxes with protective gas inlet and outlet.

Responsible: María Jesús Mosquera Díaz; mariajesus.mosquera@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

EQUIPMENT FOR PREPARING AND TESTING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

It consists of: A) E093N MORTAR MIXER, 5 litres, for preparing mixtures in accordance with standards (EN, ISO, ASTM, DIN) B) BRILLIANT 200 CUTTER, with diamond discs for cuts up to Ø90 mm. C) SCHMIDT HAMMER type N PCE-HT-225A, for evaluating concrete and mortar with strengths between 10-60 MPa. Portable. D) LEEB HARDNESS TESTER type D PCE-2500N. Non-destructive technique with low impact energy (11 mJ). Portable. E) RB2 HARDNESS TESTER with Vickers indenter. Adjustable load between 15, 30, 45 kgf. F) BP7 ULTRASONIC ANALYSER with Ø 30 mm 45 kHz probe for samples with a minimum thickness of 50 mm. G) TABER 5135 ABRASION TESTER, for standardised tests. H) DRMS DRILLING RESISTANCE EQUIPMENT, for the evaluation of consolidation treatments and degradation by environmental agents. Portable for in situ measurements. Curing and consolidation processes and damage studies are carried out after accelerated ageing tests (ice, salts, chlorides, thermal shock, UV).

Responsible: Jorge Salguero Gómez; jorge.salguero@uca.es

HIGHER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING.

SAMPLE PREPARATION SYSTEMS, OPTICAL MICROSCOPES, TRIBOMETERS, TESTING MACHINES, MICROHARDNESS TESTERS AND X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETERS

The unit has, among other things, the following equipment: A) PRECISION CUTTER, STRUERS LABOTOM 3. B) METALLOGRAPHIC PRESS, STRUERS LABOPRESS 3. C) METALLOGRAPHIC POLISHER, with automatic abrasive and suspension dispensers, TEGRASYSTEM. D) STEREOSCOPIC MICROSCOPES up to 6.3x, LEIKA SI9 and NIKON SMZ-800. E) INVERTED METALLOGRAPHIC MICROSCOPE, up to 100x, NIKON EPPIPHOT 200. F) TRIBOMETER, with modules for linear reciprocating tests up to 80 Hz and pin-on-disc up to 4000 rpm, with normal load up to 12 kN, R-TEC MTF-5000. G) PIN-ON-DISC TRIBOMETER, with up to 60N normal load and 2500 rpm, MICROTEST MT60. H) UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE up to 50 kN, with capacity for tensile, bending and compression tests, SHIMAZDU AG-X PLUS. I) MICROHARDNESS TESTER, with automatic loading system up to 20 N, SHIMADZU HMV-2ADW. J) X-RAY DIFFRACTOMETER, with capacity for evaluating residual stresses and texture, BRUKER D8 ADVANCE.

Responsible: Francisco Javier Botana Pedemonte; javier.botana@uca.es

HIGHER SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE WITH CHEMICAL ANALYSIS USING EDS, HITACHI SU1510

Scanning electron microscope with BRUKER EDS analytical equipment for the morphological and chemical characterisation of materials at the micrometric scale. It is located in the laboratory facilities in the basement of the building.

IONIC POLISHER, LEICA EM TIC 3X

Surface polishing system with triple ion beam for sample preparation for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It allows cross-sections or surface sections to be obtained at room temperature or cryogenic temperatures for materials that are sensitive to heating by the ion beam.

LARGE-SIZE WALK-IN CLIMATE CHAMBER, ARALAB

Walk-in climate chamber with temperature and humidity control. Temperature range: -70 °C to +120 °C. Humidity range 10 to 95% RH between 10 and 80 °C. Internal dimensions: 3000 mm x 4400 mm x 2100 mm (width x depth x height). Due to its size, it is located in the basement laboratory.

POTENTIOSTATS / GALVANOSTATS FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS

AUTOLAB 302N AND AUTOLAB 204 302N and 204

Potentiostats, like galvanostats, enable us to understand corrosion phenomena, evaluate the resistance of materials, characterise new alloys and coatings, and test the effectiveness of anti-corrosion treatments. The Laboratory has three pieces of equipment: Model 302N with a capacity of ± 10 V and ± 2 A and equipped with FRA model 32M for impedance measurements. Two models 204 with a capacity of ± 10 V and ± 400 mA, one of them equipped with FRA model 32M for impedance measurements. The equipment is complemented by NOVA software for test design, data recording and analysis.

EQUIPMENT FOR METALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES: INVERTED MICROSCOPE, MOTORISED MACROSCOPE, AND EQUIPMENT FOR CUTTING, EMBEDDING, SANDING AND POLISHING.

Equipment for characterising materials using optical microscopy, including equipment for sample preparation (cutting, embedding, grinding and polishing), equipment for image recording and software for subsequent image processing. It consists of: A) INVERTED MICROSCOPE, LEICA DM IRM B) MACROSCOPE, LEICA Z6 AP0 A C) CUTTER, STRUERS LABOTOM-5 D) EMBEDDER, STRUERS LABO PRESS-3 E) SANDER, METKOM FORCIPOL 102 F) POLISHER, STRUERS TEGRAPOL-11

EQUIPMENT FOR PERFORMING EMBITICIÓN TESTS COUPLED WITH DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION (DIC) EQUIPMENT

ZWICKROELL BUP 600

ZWICKROELL BUP 600 equipment fitted with Aramis 3D system for determining UDF, for conducting deep drawing tests on metallic materials with automatic deformation measurement. It allows FLD curves, puncture and deep drawing tests, Erichsen tests, Olsen tests, or hole expansion tests to be recorded in accordance with DIN 16630.

Responsible: Javier Navas Pineda; javier.navas@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.

PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SYSTEM WITH 6 LASER EXCITATION SOURCES, UV-VIS-NIR DETECTION, CRYOSTAT, AND NANOMETRIC SPECTRAL SCANNING SYSTEM, HORIBA SCIENTIFIC PL-LABRAM

Steady-state photoluminescence system for solid and liquid samples. The equipment has up to 6 laser excitation sources (213, 325, 473, 532, 633 and 785 nm) and detectors to record luminescence in the UV-Vis-NIR range. It also incorporates a cryostat that allows measurements down to 77K, and a temperature controller that allows intermediate and above-ambient temperatures. The equipment allows sample scanning with micrometric spatial resolution. Its applications include the analysis of materials, nanomaterials, polymers, semiconductors, as well as studies in areas such as biology, catalysis, corrosion, energy, the environment and forensic science. It is also useful for food and beverage analysis, geology, and techniques such as in-situ Raman and TERS (Tip Enhanced Raman Scattering).

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING RADIATIVE MEAN LIFETIME IN LUMINESCENT SAMPLES, HORIBA SCIENTIFIC DELTAFLEX, MODULAR FLUORESCENCE LIFETIME SYSTEM

System for measuring radioactive half-lives for both solid and liquid luminescent samples. It has various NanoLED excitation sources covering the range between 250 and 800 nm. High-speed (nanosecond) photomultiplier as a detector with a measurement range between 200 and 850 nm. Applications: Biomedicine, Chemistry, Materials Science, Environment, Food and Beverages, and Pharmacy.

FTIR MICROSCOPE WITH ATR AND SCANNING ANGLE OBJECTIVES, HYPERION MICROSCOPE COUPLED TO BRUKER’S TENSOR 37 FTIR SYSTEM

IR microscope with confocal design, fully automated for spot measurements or mapping in transmission, reflection, ATR and grazing angle reflection (GIR) modes at 80º. The equipment incorporates a 20X ATR objective with germanium glass (no larger than 100 μm) for the VIS/IR range, as well as a 15X grazing angle (GIR) objective for the VIS/IR range, for performing grazing angle reflection measurements. The equipment allows for scanning with micrometric spatial resolution.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE RAMAN SPECTROMETER WITH MICROMETRIC RESOLUTION, HORIBA SCIENTIFIC LABRAM HR EVOLUTION

Raman spectrophotometer with various excitation lasers, capable of measuring solid and liquid samples, cryostat for measurements down to 77K with temperature controller that allows intermediate and above-ambient temperatures. Capable of performing spatial scans with micrometric resolution. Other auxiliary equipment includes a portable Raman spectrophotometer, B¬W TEK INC. I-RAMAN, with a 785 nm excitation laser and coupled microscope.

ESPECTRÓMETRO UV-VIS-NIR, CVI SPECTRAL PRODUCTS ¼ m DIGIKRÖM

UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer assembled in our own laboratory with various excitation sources, Xe lamp, halogen lamp, deuterium lamp, specific monochromators for different spectral ranges from UV to NIR, and detectors to cover this range. Capacity for measurements in solid and liquid samples, and in various spectroscopic techniques, transmittance, absorbance, diffuse reflectance, specular reflectance.

Responsible: Juan José Delgado Jaén; juanjose.delgado@uca.es

ANDALUSIAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED MARINE STUDIES. FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES.

HIGH-PERFORMANCE FLUORIMETER, HORIBA SCIENTIFIC FLUOROLOG-QM-75-22-C

The Fluorolog-QM-75-22-C is a highly sensitive modular device designed to analyse molecular relaxation processes through fluorescence and phosphorescence measurements. It allows emission spectra, lifetimes and quantum yields to be obtained, making it key in fields such as photocatalysis, molecular biology and the development of optical sensors. Thanks to its cooled photomultiplier detectors (R928P and H10330-75), it covers a wide spectral range from deep UV (~185 nm) to NIR (~1700 nm). It incorporates a TCSPC system for lifetime measurements from 25 ps, a G8 integrating sphere for determining absolute quantum yields, and a closed-cycle cryostat that allows experiments to be performed at temperatures below 6 K. Its fully reflective optical design and flexible sample configuration make it ideal for advanced studies of materials in the solid state or in solution. It allows analysis under reaction conditions.

FTIR SPECTROMETER FOR COMPLEX RESEARCH AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS, BRUKER VERTEX 70

High-performance Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer designed for complex research and analysis applications. It offers flexibility and a wide spectral range, including near infrared (NIR), mid infrared (MIR) and far infrared (FIR). It is known for its high stability, spectral resolution and ability to be coupled with various accessories and techniques. Wide spectral range: Allows measurements from 10 cm⁻¹ to 12,000 cm⁻¹. Spectral resolution: Greater than 0.4 cm⁻ with resolution settings of up to 0.002 cm⁻¹ in fast scan mode. Offers the possibility of performing measurements with high spectral resolution, ideal for detailed sample analysis. Features an interferometer: ROCKSOLID, with permanent alignment, ensuring high stability and performance.

UV-VIS-NIR SPECTROMETER, SHIMADZU UV-2600i

The Shimadzu UV-2600i dual-beam, high-performance UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer is designed for optical analysis of materials across a wide spectral range, from 185 nm to 1400 nm. This equipment allows high-precision absorbance, transmittance and reflectance measurements to be performed. It is equipped with the ISR-2600 Plus integrating sphere, which allows the analysis of reflective, diffuse or semi-transparent solid samples, including thin films, coatings, powders or dispersed materials. This configuration is ideal for optical efficiency studies, photocatalyst characterisation, functional material evaluation, and monitoring of light absorption or total/diffuse reflectance processes in a wide variety of samples. Thanks to its flexibility and sensitivity, the UV-2600i is an essential tool for advanced optical analysis in both fundamental and applied research.

Responsible: Eduardo Blanco Ollero; eduardo.blanco@uca.es.

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

SPECTROSCOPIC ELIPSOMETRES, J.A. WOLLAM

Ellipsometry measures how the polarisation of light changes when reflected off a surface. It allows us to determine the thickness and properties of thin layers by measuring the intensity of reflected light and changes in polarisation. This equipment measures what are known as ellipsometric angles, from which, using appropriate models, the optical constants of both bulk materials and thin films can be determined, as well as their thicknesses, with Angstrom resolution. There are two complementary devices: A) J.A. WOLLAM VASE vertical spectroscopic ellipsometer with rotating analyser and variable angle, with UV-VIS-NIR range (200-3200 nm), which produces topographic maps of surfaces up to 5 x 5 cm, with lateral resolution of 100 microns. B) Vertical IR spectroscopic ellipsometer with FTIR source and rotary compensator, J.A. WOLLAM IR-VASE MARK II, (250-5000 cm-1), with rotary sample holder for anisotropy studies.

Responsible: Francisco Javier Navas Pineda; javier.navas@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES, DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETER (DSC), NETZSCH DSC 214 POLYMA

The equipment allows different measurements of thermal properties, such as heat capacity, temperature and enthalpy of phase changes, and various calorimetric properties. It offers the possibility of measurement in temperature-modulated mode, which allows heat capacity measurements to be obtained over a wide temperature range with greater precision. The measurement range is from -40 to 600ºC.

THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES, THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY AND CONDUCTIVITY MEASURING DEVICE USING THE LIGHT FLASH METHOD, NETZSCH LFA 467 HYPERFLASH

System for measuring thermal diffusivity and conductivity in solid and liquid samples. The measurement range is from room temperature to 500 °C. Researchers and engineers are interested in the best way to thermally characterise highly conductive materials at cryogenic and moderate temperatures, or ceramics and refractories at high temperatures. Many challenges can only be overcome with precise knowledge of two fundamental thermal properties: diffusivity and conductivity. The Flash method used by this equipment offers an accurate, reliable and elegant solution.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY METER USING THE TRANSIENT HOT WIRE TECHNIQUE, THERMTEST INSTRUMENTS THW-L1

System for measuring thermal conductivity in liquid samples and colloidal suspensions. The measurement range is from room temperature to 300 °C and up to 35 bar. It is used to measure the thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of liquids, pastes and powders. It is compatible with a wide range of viscosities and materials and is used in various applications, including quality control testing, research and development, and material characterisation.

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY METER USING THE TRANSIENT HOT BRIDGE TECHNIQUE, LYNSEIS THB-100

System for measuring thermal conductivity in liquid samples, colloidal suspensions and solids. The measurement range extends from room temperature to 200 °C. It also allows the thermal diffusivity and specific heat of various materials to be determined, including liquids, solids, pastes and powders. The THB method, an optimised variant of the hot-wire method, allows accurate measurements at room temperature, with options for measurements at different temperatures.

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING DYNAMIC VISCOSITY AND ANALYSING RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR, TA INSTRUMENTS HR-10

System for analysing rheological properties in liquid samples, colloidal suspensions and pastes. The equipment allows dynamic viscosity to be measured and the rheological behaviour of the samples under study to be determined. It has two measurement geometries: the cone-plate geometry, which allows for precise analysis of rheological behaviour in a narrow temperature range, and the concentric cylinder geometry, which allows for the determination of dynamic viscosity in a wide temperature range, up to 300ºC, with both geometries being complementary.

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING CONTACT ANGLE AND SURFACE TENSION, DATAPHYSICS OCA

The DataPhysics OCA 25 is a versatile instrument for contact angle measurements and drop shape analysis using image analysis techniques, used in various industrial and laboratory applications. Among its most common applications are: measurement of surface tension and interfacial tension, wettability analysis, surface characterisation and surface energy calculations, measurement of static and dynamic contact angles, and adhesion analysis.

SYSTEM FOR MEASURING PARTICLE SIZE AND Z POTENTIAL IN SUSPENSIONS, MALVERN INSTRUMENTS ZETASIZER NANO – ZS

System for measuring particle size and particle size distribution using the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technique, as well as for measuring zeta potential using the Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) technique in colloidal suspensions of nanomaterials and large molecules in a fluid.

Responsible: Manuel Piñero de los Ríos; manolo.piniero@gm.uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

COMPREHENSIVE PLATFORM FOR ADVANCED MECHANICAL CHARACTERISATION

Comprising: A) SHIMADZU 5 kN AUTOGRAPH UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE. Enables tensile, compression and flexural testing of materials and components, evaluating maximum strength, elastic modulus and deformation, under precise load and displacement control. B) MICROMATERIALS NANOINDENTER, NANO TEST 500 mN. Enables mechanical characterisation at the nanometric and micrometric scale through hardness, elastic modulus, scratch resistance and viscoelastic property tests, thanks to its high-precision vertical pendulum system. C) TA INSTRUMENTS DYNAMOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM, DMA Q800. Measures the viscoelastic behaviour of materials, storage and loss moduli, glass transition temperature and damping over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. The combination of equipment, equipped with multiple accessories, allows for a comprehensive study of mechanical properties, from the macro to the nanoscale, in solid materials, polymers and coatings.

GAS PHYSISORPTION EQUIPMENT

MICROMERITICS ASAP 2020

Micromeritics’ ASAP 2020 gas physisorption equipment allows the surface area and porosity of solid materials to be analysed by measuring N2 adsorption. It is particularly useful for studying catalysts, porous materials and adsorbents, as it determines the surface area and pore size. Technical aspects and specifications: The equipment has one analysis station and two vacuum stations. It offers volumetric resolution of 0.0001 cm³/g and pressure resolution of 10⁻⁶ atm, enabling accurate analysis of surface area, volume and pore distribution in mesoporous and microporous solids.

COMPREHENSIVE PLATFORM FOR THE SYNTHESIS AND PROCESSING OF ADVANCED GELS

The synthesis platform allows work to be carried out on a laboratory scale and consists of: A) ULTRASONIC GENERATOR, SONICS-VIBRACELL; 600 W, 20 kHz: Allows the homogenisation of solutions, facilitating chemical reactivity between compounds thanks to the phenomenon of acoustic cavitation. B) AUTOCLAVE REACTOR, PARR; 70 ºC, 300 atm: Enables the manufacture of aerogels using CO₂ in supercritical conditions, obtaining very light and porous materials. C) KOKUSAN H-103N CENTRIFUGE: Separates and cleans nanoparticles and fine powders in gels, helping to obtain purer and more homogeneous materials. D) MUFFLE AND TUBULAR FURNACES, CARBOLITE, models ELF11/6B, 1100ºC and CTF 12/65/550, 1300ºC: For various heat treatments, up to 1300 ºC.

Responsible: Francisco Miguel Morales Sánchez; fmiguel.morales@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

FURNACES FOR HIGH-PRECISION HEAT TREATMENT

It has: A) CARBOLITE CTF TUBE FURNACE, with sample translation via a custom-designed rail, up to 1500ºC, 6 kW, 1 m long and 70 mm in diameter. Heats up to 50K/s and cools down to 8K/s. B) INFRARED LAMP FURNACE, with programmable ramps, UNITEMP GmbH: RTP-100. Up to 1200º (20 kW), water-cooled. Sample platform up to 100×100 mm. Air, inert or vacuum atmosphere. Chamber 18 mm high, with ± 1.5% homogeneity. Heats up to 150K/s and cools down to 200K/min from 1200oC to 400oC; and 30k/min from 400oC to 100oC. C) INFRARED LAMP FURNACE, with programmable ramps, ULVAC GmbH MILA 5000. Up to 800oC (5 kW), water-cooled. Quartz platform for samples up to 20 x 20 mm. Variable atmosphere (air, inert gases, etc.). Heats up to 50K/s and cools down to 200K/min from 1200oC to 400oC, and 30k/min from 400oC to 100º C. D) RETSCH TG 200 fluidised bed dryer for fast drying without overheating coarse or fine materials (in storage when not in use).

SPECTROPHOTOMETERS FOR OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS AT VARIABLE TEMPERATURES

The equipment consists of: A) UV-VIS-NIR SPECTROPHOTOMETER incorporating a temperature controller and integrating sphere, AGILENT CARY 5000, with MICROPTIK MHCS120-XY controller. Optical range between 175-3300 nm, and temperature control from -40º to 120ºC. It is equipped with cells for liquids and platforms for solid samples. B) Portable COLORIMETER, PCM CSM10, with a wide measurement range. It has an integrating sphere with a measurement aperture of 8 mm in diameter. 3.5″ TFT screen, combined LED light sources. Functions: spectral value and graph, colour value and colour difference value and graph, PASS/FAIL, offset printing, colour simulation, colour index adjustment (ΔE*94, ΔE*cmc, ΔE*2000), and limit value adjustment.

Responsible: María Jesús Mosquera Díaz; mariajesús.mosquera@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

EQUIPMENT FOR THE PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL, FUNCTIONAL AND AESTHETIC CHARACTERISATION OF MATERIALS AND SURFACES

This set of equipment allows for the aesthetic (equipment A, B, and C), physical-chemical, and functional characterisation of materials and surfaces (remaining equipment), evaluating moisture (equipment F), self-cleaning, photodecontamination (equipment H and I), and antimicrobial activity. A) HUNTERLAB COLORFLEX COLORIMETER B) PCE CSM 4 PORTABLE COLORIMETER C) PCE IGM100 PORTABLE GLOSS METER D) NIKON SMZ800 STEREO MICROSCOPE. E) NIKON ECLIPSE LV150 REFLECTED LIGHT MICROSCOPE F) DATAPHYSICS OCA 15plus OPTICAL CONTACT ANGLE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM AND CONTOUR ANALYSIS G) NANOTEC ELECTRÓNICA ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE, Cervantes (*) H) THERMO SCIENTIFIC 42i NO, NO2 and NOx Analyser (*) I) SHIMADZU GC-2010 PRO Gas Chromatograph J) LUMINULTRA PHOTONMASTER Luminometer K) CO.FO.ME.GRA. SOLARBOX 3000E R.H. Solar Chamber (*), for accelerated ageing tests. (*) Equipment temporarily located in other facilities near the MATERIALS EVALUATION LABORATORY. SOLARBOX 3000E R.H. (*), for accelerated ageing tests. (*) Equipment temporarily located in other facilities close to the SMART MATERIALS EVALUATION LABORATORY.

Responsible: Juan María González Leal; juanmaria.gonzalez@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. IMEYMAT

MECHANICAL AND OPTICAL PROFILOMETERS, VEECO, ZETA DEKTAK 150 and ZETA 300

Profilometry is a surface metrology technique used to measure the profile or topography of a surface. Its main objective is to quantify the dimensional and textural characteristics of a material, such as roughness, waviness, flatness, step height, pore volume, and other surface shape parameters. The Unit has: A) Mechanical profilometer, probe type, VEECO, DEKTAK 150, with measuring tips of 50 nm, 0.7 microns, and 12.5 microns. Vertical resolution 1 nm. B) Multimode optical profilometer, ZETA 300. Multimode 3D optical microscope. Measurements in confocal, interferometric, multi-surface, texture (QDIC/Normaski) and reflectometry modes. Resolution up to 1 nm. Includes reflectometer for measuring thin layer thicknesses.

Responsible: Pilar Villar Castro; pilar.villar@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. IMEYMAT.

FOCUSED BEAMS STATION DUAL BEAM FIBRE, TESCAN SOLARIS

FIB Dual Beam with Ga+ beam, with a large working chamber, allowing the introduction of elements such as micro-robots for electrical measurements, a cryostat that allows cooling to liquid N2 temperatures, and a cathodoluminescence detection system. This equipment also allows nanofabrication, electrolytography, and lamella preparation operations useful for Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) sample preparation. The dual-beam microscope integrates the features of a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with a gallium ion beam microscope (FIB). A FIB is comparable to an SEM, but instead of electrons, it uses a beam of Ga+ ions. Ga+ ions are much heavier than electrons; therefore, the interaction with the sample is significantly greater, while the level of penetration is lower, allowing for the creation of grooves and controlled-size cuts in well-defined areas.

Responsible: Daniel Araujo Gay; daniel.araujo@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

DIAMOND GROWTH MACHINES USING MPCVD, SEKI

There are two diamond growth machines using microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition (MPCVD): one for p-doping (boron, 2kW) and another for n-doping (phosphorus and nitrogen, 6kW). Diamonds manufactured using MPCVD have unique properties for use in quantum computing, high-performance electronic devices, and photonic applications. These two machines enable the manufacture of homoepitaxial layers by varying the levels and type of doping for the manufacture of diamond electronic devices. They currently enable the manufacture of JFET transistors and diamond supercapacitors.

Responsible: Miguel Ángel Cauqui López; miguelangel.cauqui@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. / IMEYMAT

COMPREHENSIVE EQUIPMENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CATALYTIC MATERIALS

It consists of: • Tubular furnaces for heat treatment up to 1200ºC in a controlled atmosphere, CARBOLITE GHA 12/30 • Hydrothermal reactors of different capacities that can operate up to 230 bar and 450ºC, from AUTOCLAVE ENGINEERING, PARR • System for sample preparation with microwaves, MILESTONE model ETHOS One • Pneumatic extruders (2) of our own design, manufactured in a mechanical workshop. Systems for the preparation of catalytic materials by hydrothermal synthesis with the possibility of activation by microwaves. The tube furnaces allow heat treatments under different controlled atmospheres for catalyst activation. The extruders are equipped with nozzles that allow the preparation of honeycomb-type structured supports of different sections (square and circular), sizes (from 1×1 cm² to 2.8×2.8 cm², and from 1.4 cm to 1.6 cm) and cell densities (from 4 cells/cm² to 50 cells/cm²).

THERMOGRAVIMETRIC BALANCE (ATG, DSC), TA INSTRUMENT DISCOVERY SDT650

Horizontal dual-arm equipment for performing thermal analysis measurements (ATG, DSC). Provides information on thermal stability under different atmospheres, volatile and moisturising contents, composition of multi-component materials, decomposition kinetics and estimated shelf life of a product, and effects of reactive atmospheres (reducing or oxidising).

ADSORPTION ANALYSER (PHYSISORPTION AND CHEMISORPTION)

MICROMERITICS ASAP 2020

High-performance adsorption analyser for measuring the surface area, pore size and pore volume of powders and porous materials. It allows the analysis of microporous (0.35 to 2 nm) and mesoporous (2 to 50 nm) materials. Includes a chemisorption module for characterising the texture and active surface of catalysts, catalytic supports, sensors and a wide variety of materials.

MULTI-ANALYSER FOR ADSORPTION

QUANTACHROME AUTOSORB iQ3

Three-port adsorption analyser for measuring the surface area, pore size and pore volume of powders and porous materials. They allow the analysis of microporous (0.35 to 2 nm) and mesoporous (2 to 50 nm) materials.

AUTOMATED CHEMISORPTION ANALYSER

MICROMERITICS AUTOCHEM II 2920

The Autochem II 2920 is a fully automated chemisorption analyser capable of performing a wide range of highly accurate chemical adsorption studies and programmed temperature reactions. It can determine catalytic properties such as metal dispersion, metal surface area, surface acidity-basicity, s-site strength distribution, BET surface area, among many other parameters. It performs pulse chemisorption, thermal programmed reduction (TPR), desorption (TPD) and oxidation (TPO), as well as reaction analysis. It is equipped with TCD detectors and a gas chromatograph (Pfeiffer vacuum GSD320 OMNIStar).

FTIR SPECTROMETER EQUIPPED WITH ATR AND TREATMENT CELLS IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE AND TEMPERATURE

BRUKER VERTEX 80

High-resolution infrared spectrophotometer, FTIR. It has an advanced optical design that guarantees high sensitivity and stability, and offers a wide spectral range from mid-infrared to far-infrared (THz). It achieves a spectral resolution of up to 0.06 cm⁻¹, allowing subtle vibrational details to be distinguished. The instrument is equipped with in situ cells for Diffuse Reflectance (DRIFT) for spectroscopic studies under controlled reactive conditions. These cells allow adsorption experiments of model molecules (e.g. carbon monoxide, CO) on materials to be carried out under defined atmospheres and a wide range of temperatures (approx. from -170 °C to 500 °C). These capabilities make it an essential tool for studies of gas-solid interaction, heterogeneous catalysis, functional characterisation of materials, and analysis of surface groups.

INTEGRATED SYSTEMS WITH CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSERS FOR EVALUATING THE CATALYTIC BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS (2 SYSTEMS)

Analytical systems: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS, BRUKER 450 GC

Comprehensive systems for evaluating the catalytic behaviour of materials in gas phase reactions, from room temperature to 900ºC. Includes a gas chromatograph as an analytical system. Equipment consisting of: (i) a feed system that allows selection from a wide variety of gases, with the possibility of creating mixtures of adjusted composition, (ii) a quartz reactor, (iii) a heating furnace, and (iv) an analytical system for the quantitative and qualitative identification of reaction products and by-products.

INTEGRATED SYSTEMS WITH MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSERS FOR EVALUATING THE CATALYTIC BEHAVIOUR OF MATERIALS (2 SYSTEMS)

PFEIFFER VACUUM mass spectrometers Models GSD 301 THERMO STAR and GSD 350 OMNISTAR

Two similar laboratory-scale devices are available, consisting of: A) A feeding system that allows selection from a wide variety of gases, with the possibility of creating mixtures with adjusted compositions, B) A quartz reactor, C) A heating furnace, up to 900ºC, and D) Mass spectrometer as an analytical system for the quantitative and qualitative identification of reaction products and by-products.

Responsible: Juan José Delgado Jaén; juanjose.delgado@uca.es

ANDALUSIAN CENTRE FOR ADVANCED MARINE STUDIES. FACULTY OF MARINE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES.

EQUIPMENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF CATALYSTS, PROPRIETARY DESIGN EQUIPMENT

The laboratory has specific equipment for the synthesis of catalysts using techniques such as hydrothermal synthesis, incipient wet impregnation and the use of rotary evaporators. The hydrothermal reactors cover a wide range of volumes: from 200 mL units with high-performance stirring and screening, ideal for the rapid and parallel production of multiple catalytic formulations, to reactors of up to 5 litres, designed for the production of larger quantities. This equipment allows for versatile and controlled preparation of supported and powdered catalysts, optimising variables such as pH, temperature, synthesis time and precursor distribution on the support. The combination of these techniques facilitates scaling, systematic study of compositions and adaptation to different catalytic processes, from basic research stages to applications closer to the industrial environment.

REACTORS FOR CATALYST TESTING, Proprietary DESIGN Equipment

The laboratory has advanced infrastructure for catalytic characterisation and evaluation, including reactors of its own design for studies of photocatalysis in hydrogen production, pollutant removal and CO₂ recovery. It also has high-pressure batch and continuous reactors for processes such as aqueous reforming (APR), as well as gas-phase systems for studying CO and methane oxidation, dry methane reforming, and selective hydrogenation of ethyne to ethene. All equipment is coupled to gas chromatographs with TCD, FID and PDD detectors, and to mass spectrometers, allowing accurate, real-time quantification of reactants and products. This combination of techniques enables a comprehensive evaluation of the activity, selectivity and stability of catalysts under relevant operating conditions.

Responsible: María Jesús Mosquera Díaz; mariajesus.mosquera@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

TEXTURAL ANALYSIS EQUIPMENT AND CHARACTERISATION OF THE POROUS STRUCTURE OF MATERIALS

Set comprising: A) MERCURY POROSIMETER, MICROMERITICS, Autopore IV, with 2 low-pressure ports (0.2-50 psia) for simultaneous measurement of pores from 3.6-1000 micrometres. m and 1 high-pressure port (14.5-33000 psi) for measuring pores of 0.005-6 micrometres. High-capacity cells (15 cm3) and cells for powdered materials are available. B) PHYSISORPTION EQUIPMENT, MICROMERITICS, TRISTAR II PLUS, with 3 ports for simultaneous measurement of BET area (minimum range 0.01 m2/g) and pore analysis in the range of 1-200 nm. C) ULTRAPYC 1200E GAS PICNOMETER, for measuring the structural density of solids with an accuracy of 0.0001 g/cm3. This allows the study of specific surfaces, pore size distribution, and structural density. The combination of techniques allows different pore size ranges to be covered, from nanometric (< 1 nm) to macropores (~1 mm). Through the analysis of hysteresis cycles, information on their predominant geometry can be obtained.

SPECTROSCOPY, PARTICLE SIZE AND SURFACE CHARGE ON SOLID, LIQUID OR DISSOLVED SAMPLES

Equipment for spectroscopic measurements, particle size and surface charge on solid, liquid or dissolved samples. Comprising: A) UV-Vis SPECTROPHOTOMETER, SHIMADZU, UV-2600, with a range of 220-900 nm, and integrating sphere for diffuse reflectance and band-gap measurements on solids and transparent sheets. B) FTIR SPECTROPHOTOMETER, SIMADZU, IRAffinity-1S, with a range of 4000-400 cm-1 and ATR module with Diamond/ZnSe window for measuring solid, powder and liquid samples without additional preparation. C) RAMAN SPECTROPHOTOMETER, OCEAN INSIGHT, QEPro. 785 nm laser source, maximum power 0.5 W, with a range of 100-3000 cm-1. Portable equipment for in situ studies. D) MALVERN PARTICLE ANALYSER, ZETASIZER NANO-ZS. Allows measurement of particles and aggregates between 0.001-10 μm and Z-potential of particles in aqueous and organic media. Allows identification of compounds or functional groups, determination of optical properties and characterisation of the band gap in photocatalysts and semiconductors.

EQUIPMENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS: CONSOLIDANTS, WATER-REPELLENTS, SELF-CLEANING AND BIOCIDES

It has materials, a large stock of raw materials, and all the equipment necessary for the preparation of functional materials, with reactors of up to 2.5 litres, preferably using sol-gel methods. Highlights: A) 20kHz ULTRASONIC PROBES BANDELIN SONOPULS HD 3200 (stirring capacity 1 L) and SONOPULS HD 3400 (stirring capacity 2.5 L) B) SELECTA VACIOTEM-T VACUUM OVEN C) SIGMA 3-18KS refrigerated CENTRIFUGE D) SELECTA SEL-HORN R-8L PROGRAMMABLE MUFFLE FURNACE and E) MEMMERT UF30plus PROGRAMMABLE OVEN with forced convection F) BROOKFIELD ROTATIONAL VISCOSIMETER, DV2T, for monitoring polymerisation and sol-gel processes. G) PTFE REACTORS with steel jacket, for hydrothermal synthesis The laboratory is also ready to perform tests on consolidating, water-repellent, self-cleaning and biocidal properties.

Responsible: José María Palacios Santander; josem.palacios@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.

CHARACTERISATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL MEASUREMENTS UNIT

Comprising: A) Automatic electrochemical microscope, SENSOLITICS GMB with Faraday cage, image magnifier, piezoelectric positioning that separates topographical and electrochemical information, bipotentiostat and control software. Determines charge transfer kinetics, visualises in situ the topography of surfaces immersed in electrolytes, localised reactivity variations, and microstructure generation at interfaces. B) Four potentiostats/galvanostats (maximum (minimum) current = 250 mA (nA with low current module); voltage = 12 V, IR compensation), AUTOLAB models PGSTAT20, PGSTAT302N and PGSTAT12, and μSTAT 8000P, with up to 8 electrodes simultaneously. They enable measurements of: cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, amperometry, coulometry, galvanic techniques, impedance measurements, etc. They determine and quantify electroactive species, both organic and inorganic, and provide information on reaction mechanisms.

GREEN SYNTHESIS UNIT AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERISATION OF (NANO)MATERIALS

To summarise: A) LOW AND HIGH POWER ULTRASONIC PROBES (SONICATOR S4000 MISONIX AND Q700 QSONICA and BANDELIN SONOPULS probe) for green extraction processes, with high performance and low cost. B) MILESTONE ETHOS 1 microwave digester, with 6 reactors, for digesting organic matter and retaining only the metallic content. C) ULTRACENTRIFUGE with up to 15,000 rpm and up to 24 vials of 2.2 ml, with temperature control up to 4 °C. For characterisation: D) UV Vis SPECTROPHOTOMETER (PGI INSTRUMENTS, model T80+), variable slit, Si photodiode, and up to 8 cuvettes. Range: 190-1100 nm, for UV/Vis analysis of samples in solution, with organic or inorganic compounds; plasmonic analysis of aqueous samples of colloids and nanoparticles; and monitoring of chemical reactions. E) PARTICLE ANALYSERS between 0.8 nm and 6.5 µm. MICROTRACC and NANE EQUIPAMIENTOS. They analyse the size of suspended particles, average size and zeta potential or surface charge.

Responsible: Oscar Bomati Miguel; oscar.bomati@uca.es

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. DEPARTMENT OF CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

ULTRASHORT PULSE LASER MATERIAL PROCESSING UNIT

The NANO-GLAS system enables laser processing of bulk materials, the manufacture of micro- and nanoscale structures, and the generation of nanoparticles. It has applications in the fields of energy, catalysis, the environment, and medicine. It incorporates five pulsed laser sources with different pulse durations (190 fs-500 ns), powers (6–50 W), and wavelengths (IR, green, UV), galvanometric heads, and motorised XYZ platforms. It includes 3D optical vision and spectral analysis of the laser ablation plume. It features: • Laser steering systems for fast scanning in X-Y-Z • Motorised X-Y linear axes for precise sample tracking • Advanced integrated optical head with vision + confocal scanning + optical interferometry + focus variation scanning. • ICCD and sCMOS detectors with nanosecond temporal resolution for plasma and combustion spectral analysis (1200 l/mm). • Class I protective enclosure against laser radiation.

Responsible: Lionel Cervera Gontard; lionel.cervera@uca.es

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. IMEYMAT

SEM SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE WITH GIANT CAMERA, TESCAN VEGA 4 GM, Tungsten, 1-30 keV

The laboratory includes a scanning electron microscope (SEM) capable of performing cathodoluminescence studies with a three-channel spectral detector in the 350-650 nm range, the ability to study large samples (maximum dimensions: 300 mm x 300 mm x 100 mm), the ability to apply stereophotogrammetry techniques to measure roughness, heat-cool (from -25 ºC to +160 ºC) in situ, and the possibility of taking measurements/applying electrical and optical stimuli in situ. All measurements can be combined with chemical analysis using an integrated SDD (EDX) energy-dispersive X-ray detector. Samples can be metallised with gold in the laboratory itself to reduce the effect of electrostatic charge induced by the electron beam.

Responsible: Manuel Domínguez de la Vega; manolo.dominguez@uca.es

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. IMEYMAT

HIGH-PERFORMANCE ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE (AFM), BRUKER DIMENSION ICON

An AFM allows surfaces of materials to be visualised and manipulated at the nanometric scale, using a microlever with a sharp tip that touches the surface. The atomic interactions between the tip and the sample cause the probe to bend, and measuring this bending allows a 3D topographic image of the surface to be constructed, with nanometric details. This model provides the highest levels of functionality for nanoscale research in science and industry, as it allows for large format (21×21 cm) and thick (4 cm) samples. Its PeakForce Tapping mode stands out, combining good resolution with less wear on the sample and tip. With ScanAsyst auto-optimisation software, it is easier to generate high-quality images in less time. The capture of force curves at each pixel allows nanomechanical maps to be obtained with QNM software. You can also obtain maps of electrical (C-AFM, EFM, KPFM, PFM, sMIM), magnetic (MFM, with external field) and thermal (SThM and Nano-TA) properties.

ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPE / TUNNELING EFFECT (AFM/STM), BRUKER MULTIMODE 8-HR

The measurement of the deflection of the AFM microlever, at the end of which is a sharp tip that contacts the surface of the material, allows a 3D image of the surface to be constructed with nanometric resolution. This model is a robust and compact device, designed for small samples (15 mm diameter, 7 mm thickness). It has multiple working modes, notably PeakForce Tapping, optimised with ScanAsyst to provide good resolution, less sample and tip wear, and greater ease in quickly generating quality images. The QNM software allows nanomechanical maps to be obtained, including electrical (C-AFM, EFM, KPFM, PFM), magnetic (MFM) and thermal (SThM and NanoTA) working modes. Its STM head allows it to act as a tunnelling microscope and it has an external potentiostat for electrochemical measurements (EC-AFM and EC-STM). Additionally, it can operate at variable temperatures (up to 250°C) and in a liquid environment with a special cell.

Responsible: José Antonio Pérez Omil; jose.perez-omil@uca.es.

FACULTY OF SCIENCES. IMEYMAT.

DFT CALCULATION WORKSTATION

High-performance workstation with the necessary software to perform DFT-type quantum mechanics calculations based on complex structural models. It has Quantum Espresso and Siesta codes installed. It allows structural relaxations to be performed, surface energies and defect energies to be evaluated, the interaction of molecules on the surface of modelled nanostructures to be studied, and reactions of interest in heterogeneous catalysis to be modelled. The necessary structural models can be created using the TEMserver created at the University of Cadiz. The Quantum Espresso programme uses a plane wave basis, while the Siesta programme uses a basis of localised functions. The system allows both approaches to be combined.

SERVERS FOR MODELLING, STRUCTURAL VISUALISATION AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY SIMULATIONS

Two high-performance computers offered as web servers through the UCA. These servers (temserver and temserver2) provide access to the Eje-Z and Rhodius programmes, both developed at the UCA. In the Eje-Z programme, we can generate and visualise crystal structures, as well as project these structures onto a specific zone axis or generate different crystal surfaces. The Rhodius programme allows us to model complex nanostructures, such as nanoparticles with crystalline habit. They allow us to perform simulations of X-ray and electron diffraction patterns, as well as high-resolution images and input files for DFT-type theoretical calculations. This server also has educational uses, being employed in various subjects in the Chemistry degree programme and the Master’s in Nanoscience and Materials Technology. It is worth noting that it is used in research carried out by numerous groups in Spain, Europe and the United States.

WORKSTATIONS FOR INTENSIVE CALCULATION AND APPLICATION OF AI TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY PROCESSING

There are two workstations equipped with high-performance GPU cards. They enable intensive use of artificial intelligence-based techniques, through routines written in Python and Matlab, to process 2D and 3D electron microscopy images. The programme draws on an extensive library of experimental data, as well as computer-generated data. These algorithms are currently being applied frequently and systematically in research tasks and are featured in articles published in high-impact journals.

WORKSTATION FOR PROCESSING ELECTRONIC TOMOGRAPHY EXPERIMENTS IN IMAGE AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION MAP MODES

Workstation equipped with the appropriate software for processing electron microscopy images in order to generate three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions of the sample under study. Specifically, it has the Inspect 3D software from Thermo-Fisher. The final visualisation of the reconstructed objects, as well as their segmentation, is carried out using the Avizo software, which is also installed. Thermo-Fisher’s Velox software is also available for processing EDX elemental maps, as well as Gatan’s Digital Micrograph software for image processing and handling EELS (Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy) spectrum images. The installed software also allows the generation of tomograms of each chemical element from specific elemental analysis maps for each one.

Responsible: José Antonio Pérez Omil; jose.perez-omil@uca.es

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES. IMEYMAT

EQUIPMENT FOR PREPARING SENSITIVE SAMPLES OF MICRO- AND NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS FOR ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

This laboratory has everything necessary for preparing micro- and nanocrystalline samples for observation under an electron microscope. It is equipped with an optical microscope, an ultrasonic bath, and a heating lamp. Also noteworthy is the GATAN anaerobic transfer sample holder, which prevents the sample from coming into contact with oxygen and ambient humidity. In addition, there is a JACOMEX glove box with a special pre-chamber for inserting anaerobic transfer sample holders. This chamber is essential for specialised experiments supporting in-situ electron microscopy and identical location experiments. These experiments are particularly critical in the study of catalysts, sensitive biological macromolecules, and any material sensitive to oxygen and humidity, which, thanks to the chamber, remain below 2 ppm.